Greer FR, Holick MF. Greer FR, Want to use this article elsewhere? Morris JC. Holick MF, Kelsey JL, Krall EA, Melton JL.

1. A common example encountered by an oncologist would be that of an asymptomatic postmenopausal woman about to begin aromatase-inhibitor therapy who is found to have mild osteopenia. MedlinePlus: "25-hydroxy Vitamin D Test. The Northeast Hip Fracture Study Group. Vitamin D insufficiency among free-living healthy young adults. Chen TC, There was a 62 percent higher risk of cardiovascular events in patients with hypertension whose 25-hydroxyvitamin D level was less than 15 ng per mL (38 nmol per L), compared with those whose level was 15 ng per mL or greater. Prevention of rickets and vitamin D deficiency in infants, children, and adolescents [published correction appears in. 9. Dietrich T, The incidence of vitamin D deficiency (ie, 25(OH)D < 20 ng/mL) in US adults is approximately 25% for men and approximately 35% for women.38 Postmenopausal women with osteoporosis are especially likely to exhibit deficiency.1,63 The problem is not limited to older women. This content is owned by the AAFP. Because increases in intestinal calcium absorption continue until 25(OH)D reaches a minimum of 30 ng/mL, and PTH continues to decrease until this level is reached,64,65 a 25(OH)D serum level of 30 to 32 ng/mL is considered sufficient and levels of 20 to 29 ng/mL insufficient. Choose a single article, issue, or full-access subscription.

(March 01, 2010) Individuals About to Initiate Treatment With Antihormonal Effects, Individuals at High Risk for Vitamin D Deficiency, Individuals With Symptoms of Vitamin D Deficiency, Authors' Disclosures of Potential Conflicts of Interest. Gloth FM III,

High prevalence of vitamin D inadequacy and implications for health. In a pilot study, we found that 50,000 IU of vitamin D3 weekly for 12 weeks was effective in treating vitamin D insufficiency in women receiving the aromatase inhibitor letrozole, and higher levels of 25(OH)D were associated with reduced disability from aromatase inhibitor–associated joint pain.78, The first step in treating vitamin D deficiency is to obtain a baseline 25(OH)D blood level and then decide on the target replacement level and how quickly that target must be reached (Table 1). The number needed to treat to prevent one fall was seven, and the impact was noted primarily in less active women.13, In adults 65 years and older, more than 90 percent of hip fractures are caused by falling, and the one-year mortality rate for persons with hip fractures is 20 percent.14,15 Daily vitamin D intake is crucial in the reduction of hip and nonvertebral fracture rates. Bischoff-Ferrari HA, Am J Clin Nutr. It is also occurs naturally in a few foods -- including some fish, fish liver oils, and egg yolks -- and in fortified dairy and grain products. on. WebMD does not provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. et al. Holick MF. Humans typically obtain 90 percent of vitamin D from sunlight.1,3,4, Vitamin D2 (ergocalciferol [Drisdol]) liquid supplements, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (calcitriol [Rocaltrol]), 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (calcitriol [Calcijex]). 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Vitamin D and calcium supplementation reduces cancer risk: Results of a randomized trial, Calcium/vitamin D supplementation and cardiovascular events, Calcium plus vitamin D supplementation and the risk of breast cancer, Multivitamin use and risk of cancer and cardiovascular disease in the Women's Health Initiative cohorts, The prevalence of hypovitaminosis D among US adults: Data from the NHANES III, Assessing the vitamin D status of the US population, 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) inhibits angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo, Impact of the vitamin D3 receptor on growth-regulatory pathways in mammary gland and breast cancer, Ligand modulates the conversion of DNA-bound vitamin D3 receptor (VDR) homodimers into VDR-retinoid X receptor heterodimers, Growth inhibition of both MCF-7 and Hs578T human breast cancer cell lines by vitamin D analogues is associated with increased expression of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3, Antiproliferative action of vitamin D-related compounds and insulin-like growth factor binding protein 5 accumulation, Vitamin D growth inhibition of breast cancer cells: Gene expression patterns assessed by cDNA microarray, Action of 1,25(OH)2D3 on the cell cycle genes, cyclin D1, p21 and p27 in MCF-7 cells, Modulation of cell cycle control by vitamin D3 and its analogue, EB 1089, in human breast cancer cells, The yin and yang of vitamin D receptor (VDR) signaling in neoplastic progression: Operational networks and tissue-specific growth control, Noncalcemic actions of vitamin D receptor ligands, The Wnt antagonist DICKKOPF-1 gene is induced by 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 associated to the differentiation of human colon cancer cells, DICKKOPF-4 is induced by TCF/beta-catenin and upregulated in human colon cancer, promotes tumour cell invasion and angiogenesis and is repressed by 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, High prevalence of vitamin D inadequacy and implications for health, Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium, Phosphorus, Magnesium, Vitamin D, Fluoride, The vitamin D requirement in health and disease, Vitamin D in foods: Development of the US Department of Agriculture database, US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, 2009; USDA National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference, Release 22—Nutrient Data Laboratory, Human serum 25-hydroxycholecalciferol response to extended oral dosing with cholecalciferol, Efficacy and safety of vitamin D3 intake exceeding the lowest observed adverse effect level, Vitamin D and cancer mini-symposium: The risk of additional vitamin D, Vitamin D2 is much less effective than vitamin D3 in humans, Optimal vitamin D status for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis, Prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency in an adult normal population, Calcium absorption varies within the reference range for serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D, High prevalence of vitamin D deficiency despite supplementation in premenopausal women with breast cancer undergoing adjuvant 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