Captives are force-marched on the Long Walk to Fort Sumner, 350 miles east in New Mexico, and many died. 1300s A.D. San Juan Band Paiutes frequent the area as temporary hunters/gatherers. White fir log across the entrance of Keet Seel.

The early communities are known as the Basketmakers. Many of their dwellings are still intact, and we visit these sites on our tours. In the early years, they suffered slave raids by the Spaniards and white Americans, and attacks by other Indian tribes. They name the Monument Valley area Valley or Treeless Area Amid the Rocks.

To 1491. They hunted wild game and grew corn, beans, and squash. As water moves through the porous Navajo Sandstone, it hits the less porous Kayenta Formation of shale and limestone, and moves horizontally. The Navajo, or Diné, have lived in this region for several hundred years.

But through it all, our people survived.

The monument was first created in 1909 to protect the remains of three large pueblos dating to the 13th century C.E. Volcanic action also created some of the formations in Monument Valley, such as Chiastla Butte and Agathla Peak.

Betatakin, Keet Seel, and Inscription House were all built in large, natural alcoves which formed in the towering Navajo Sandstone Formation due to the local geological conditions. In addition to the large pueblo villages, archaeological evidence documents human use of this region over the past several thousand years. Today, the land surrounding Navajo National Monument is part of the Navajo Nation. In the early years, they suffered slave raids by the Spaniards and white Americans, and attacks by other Indian tribes. One group, led by Hoskininni, fled from Monument Valley. These early people were highly mobile, and moved around a large region to gather food with the changing seasons. Their archaeological footprint is limited. For villagers living here and farming the canyonlands, the alcoves offer shelter from the elements, as well as natural spring water. Sheep and cattle ranching are an important part of life for the Navajo, which is visible on the landscape today. Sheep and cattle ranching are an important part of life for the Navajo, which is visible on the landscape today.

In 1938, John Ford and John Wayne made “Stagecoach,” the movie that first brought Monument Valley to the attention of the film and tourist industries. Climate at this time was similar to today, and these farmers relied on the canyon streams for water. Kit Carson, in pursuit, named Agathla Peak ¡§El Capitan¡¨ because of its imposing rock formation. Explore their history, their way of life, their cuisine and their art. Their archaeological footprint is limited. They also began to live in more settled villages of semi-underground pithouses.

The earliest people to live in the Tsegi and Nitsin Canyon regions were hunters and gatherers, who relied on hunting wild animals and gathering wild plants for food. Marc Steuben. 1581-1583 A.D. First Spanish contact with Navajos, 1774 A.D. Navajo drive Spanish settlers from eastern regions off their land, 1805 A.D. Massacre at Canyon de Chelly — Spanish soldiers kill more than 100 Navajo women, children, and elders hiding in a cave, 1851 A.D. U.S. Army established Fort Defiance near Window Rock. The Anasazi Indians lived throughout this area before they disappeared. The beautiful petroglyphs and pictographs they left are well preserved. The Navajo Tribal Museum established at Window Rock, 1968 A.D. Navajo Tribal Council declares the reservation the Navajo Nation, also adopts Navajo flag, 1968 A.D. Navajo Community College, the first Native-operated college, opens, 1986 A.D. Navajo Tourism Department established, 1990 A.D. Due to Government reform, the first Navajo president elected was Peterson Zah, 2000 A.D. President Clinton approves Congressional Medals for World War II Code Talkers, 2009 A.D.  First hotel opens within the MVNTP. Monument Valley Sunrise Photo Tour Monument Valley is more than just a park or nature preserve; it is home to Navajo people who have preserved their traditions, their language, their art forms, their pastoral sheep-herding way of life, and their relation of harmony and respect with the land. They built above-ground masonry houses, farmed the canyon streambeds, and interacted with far-reaching communities across the Colorado Plateau. They may have left after a prolonged drought made farming here extremely difficult.

The Ancestral Pueblo culture emerged as these early farmers began to depend on farming for most of their food. MONUMENT VALLEY History. Log in, Ancient Navajo and Native Americans Migrations, 12,000-6,000 B.C.- Ice-Age Paleo-Indian hunters in Monument Valley Area, 6,000 B.C – 1 A.D. – Archaic hunter-gatherers in the Monument Valley Area.

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